According to eningbo, Zambia in 2012 was a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. It had a population of around 13 million people and was home to over 72 different ethnic groups. The country had been ruled by President Rupiah Banda since 2008, but he was defeated in the 2011 elections by Michael Sata who became the fifth President of Zambia. The economy of Zambia in 2012 was largely dependent on copper exports which accounted for 70% of export revenues and 25% of the country’s GDP. However, there were also other industries such as agriculture, fishing and tourism which all contributed to the economy. In 2012 Zambia experienced economic growth with GDP increasing by 5% due to increased foreign investment, improved agricultural production and increased copper prices. Additionally, poverty levels were beginning to decrease with around 60% of the population living below the poverty line and unemployment at 15%. Culturally Zambia is very diverse with influences from its neighboring countries as well as native Zambian cultures. There are numerous festivals throughout the year celebrating different aspects of Zambian culture such as music, dance or literature. Additionally, there are many national parks scattered throughout the country which provide opportunities for hiking or camping activities as well as stunning landscapes to admire. Zambia is also home to a number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites including Victoria Falls which is one of the world’s largest waterfalls providing stunning scenery as well as numerous archaeological sites scattered throughout Zambia with some dating back thousands of years providing insight into early civilizations who lived there. Zambia in 2015 was a country that had seen tremendous growth and progress over the past two decades. It had experienced an economic boom due to its abundant natural resources, particularly copper, and had become one of Africa’s most promising economies. The country’s GDP had grown at an average rate of 6% between 2000 and 2015, with poverty levels dropping from 60% to 40%. Despite this impressive economic growth, Zambia still faced many challenges in 2015. One of the most pressing issues was a lack of access to basic services such as healthcare and education. In rural areas, only 40% of children were enrolled in primary school, while those living in urban areas faced overcrowding in classrooms and a lack of qualified teachers. Health care services were also inadequate due to a shortage of medical personnel and supplies. In addition to these issues, Zambia faced significant political instability during this period. The government was embroiled in corruption scandals involving high-ranking officials, resulting in widespread public discontent with the ruling party. This unrest led to several protests throughout the year which were met with violent repression by the police and military forces. Zambia also experienced several natural disasters during this time period including floods and droughts which further exacerbated existing poverty levels. The country was particularly vulnerable due to its reliance on rain-fed agriculture for much of its food production; when rains failed or were insufficient it caused serious food insecurity for many households across the country. Overall, Zambia in 2015 was a nation that had seen impressive economic development over the past two decades but still faced numerous challenges including inadequate access to basic services such as healthcare and education as well as political instability stemming from corruption scandals and violent repression of protests by state forces. Despite these issues however, there remained hope that continued progress could be made through increased investment in infrastructure projects such as roads and dams as well as improved access to health care services for all citizens. Check computerannals for Zambia in 2003.