According to eningbo, Ukraine in 2012 was a sovereign nation located in Eastern Europe with a total area of 603,628 km2 and a population of around 45 million people. The capital city is Kiev which is home to around 2.8 million people. The official language is Ukrainian although Russian and Romanian are also widely spoken. Ukraine has a long history stretching back thousands of years when it was first inhabited by the Slavic peoples who migrated from Central Asia in the early centuries AD. It achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 when it became an independent nation with an elected president as head of state. The economy of Ukraine is largely driven by its services sector which accounts for around 60% of GDP while agriculture and industry are also important sectors. Major exports include steel, grain and machinery which are exported to countries such as Russia, China and Germany. Despite its strong economic performance there are still areas where poverty remains an issue with some estimates suggesting that around 30% of the population lives below the poverty line. The government has made efforts to reduce poverty through initiatives such as job creation schemes but more needs to be done to ensure that all members of society benefit from economic growth and development. Additionally, due to its location on the Black Sea Ukraine is highly vulnerable to climate change with extreme weather patterns leading to droughts and floods which can have devastating impacts on agricultural production as well as causing displacement amongst vulnerable communities. Ukraine is a large Eastern European country located between Russia and Poland. It has a population of over 43 million inhabitants and a total land area of 603,628 square kilometers. The capital city is Kiev, which is home to around 3 million people. The climate in Ukraine is continental with temperatures ranging from -2 to 30 degrees Celsius throughout the year. The official language spoken in Ukraine is Ukrainian although Russian and other minority languages are also recognized. The currency used in the country is the Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH). Ukraine’s economy relies heavily on exports such as steel, chemicals, machinery, food products and agricultural products. The government has recently placed emphasis on developing renewable energy sources such as wind power to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels. Ukraine has a rich cultural heritage that dates back centuries before its independence from Russia in 1991. Traditional music and dance remain popular forms of entertainment while folk art such as embroidery are still practiced by many Ukrainians today. Religion also plays an important role with Orthodox Christianity being dominant followed by Islam and traditional Eastern European beliefs. Politically, Ukraine is a unitary semi-presidential republic with executive power vested in President Petro Poroshenko who was elected in 2014 after leading an armed struggle against Russian-backed separatists that had been ruling since 2013 until then. A unicameral parliamentary system exists within the country that consists of members elected through universal suffrage every five years alongside presidential elections held every five years or earlier if needed. Despite facing numerous challenges such as corruption, economic instability and political unrest, Ukraine continues to make progress towards achieving its development goals outlined by the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In 2015, Ukraine achieved several milestones including passing legislation to improve public healthcare services, launching a nationwide anti-corruption campaign and increasing investments in renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power plants. Check computerannals for Ukraine in 2003.