According to eningbo, in 2012, Sudan was a country in transition. After decades of civil war, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed in 2005 and the country began to move towards a more peaceful and prosperous future. The CPA had been largely successful in bringing an end to the conflict between the North and South regions of Sudan, however there were still many challenges that remained. For one, the economy of Sudan in 2012 was still largely reliant on oil revenues from its southern region which accounted for around two-thirds of its GDP. This made Sudan highly vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices which could have major impacts on its economy. In addition, poverty levels remained high with over half of its population living below the poverty line and unemployment estimated at around 25%. In terms of politics, Omar al-Bashir had been president since 1989 and had become increasingly authoritarian throughout his rule. Freedom of expression was severely limited with censorship laws restricting what could be said or written about al-Bashir’s government. Human rights abuses were also rampant including reports of torture and extrajudicial killings by security forces as well as discrimination against certain groups such as ethnic minorities and women. Despite these issues, there were some positive developments too during this period. For instance, in 2011 a referendum was held which allowed South Sudan to secede from Sudan creating two separate countries for the first time since 1956 when they were unified under British rule. This led to improved relations between North and South Sudan which had previously been strained due to conflict between them over resources such as oil revenue sharing agreements. In terms of international relations, Sudan maintained good ties with other African countries through membership in organizations such as the African Union (AU) where it has served on various committees including those dealing with peacekeeping operations throughout the continent. It also sought to strengthen its relations with other nations through trade agreements and cultural exchanges such as student exchange programs aimed at promoting understanding between different cultures. Overall, in 2012, while many challenges still remained for Sudan; it had made great strides towards peace and stability by ending decades long conflicts between North and South regions while also seeking to improve its economy through increased foreign investment opportunities despite continued human rights violations occurring within its borders. Sudan in 2015 was a country of immense political and economic turmoil. Following a decades-long civil war that ended in 2005, Sudan was in the midst of a transition from a dictatorship to a democratic government. This transition was marked by significant political unrest, as different factions fought for control of the government and its resources. In addition to this, Sudan faced high levels of poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment. Of particular concern was the Darfur region, which had been plagued by violence since 2003 as part of an ongoing conflict between Sudanese government forces and rebel groups. This conflict had caused hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes and left millions in need of humanitarian aid. The situation in Darfur remained dire throughout 2015 despite the presence of international peacekeepers. In addition to this conflict, Sudan also faced frequent power outages and other infrastructure problems due to poor maintenance and lack of investment. The country’s economy also suffered greatly due to rampant inflation and currency devaluation caused by mismanagement from both within Sudan itself as well as international sanctions imposed on it by multiple countries over its human rights record. As such, many ordinary Sudanese citizens found themselves struggling just to make ends meet on a daily basis with little hope for improvement in sight. Check computerannals for Sudan in 2003.