According to eningbo, in 2012, Algeria was a country in transition. After decades of oppressive rule under the authoritarian regime of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, the country was experiencing a period of political and social reform. This period of reform was largely driven by protests in 2011 which had led to increased pressure for democratic reforms and greater freedoms for the Algerian people. At the same time, however, Algeria was still facing many of the same economic and social problems that had plagued it for years including high unemployment rates, poverty, and poor infrastructure. In an effort to address these issues, the government had begun investing in projects such as roads, bridges, and other infrastructure improvements in an effort to boost economic growth. These investments were slowly beginning to pay off as more foreign investment began flowing into Algeria from countries such as China and Russia. Algeria also made strides towards becoming more integrated into Europe by joining the Union for the Mediterranean in July 2012 which opened up new possibilities for trade with European nations. The government also began taking steps towards improving its human rights record by passing laws that granted greater freedom of speech and assembly while also increasing protections for women’s rights. Overall, 2012 marked an important period of transition for Algeria where it began taking steps towards becoming a modern nation while still facing many challenges along the way. It would take many more years before Algeria would become fully integrated into Europe but this period marked an important milestone in its journey towards progress. In 2015, Algeria was in the midst of a period of political and economic transition. The country had emerged from decades of authoritarian rule in the 1990s and was slowly transitioning to a more open and democratic society. The Algerian economy had been growing steadily since the early 2000s, with a focus on improving infrastructure, boosting foreign investment, and diversifying its energy sources. In 2015, the country’s GDP grew by 3 percent while unemployment fell to 10 percent—a record low for the nation. Algeria also continued to make progress in terms of human rights and civil liberties in 2015. That year saw the adoption of a new constitution that provided greater protections for freedom of expression as well as improved access to education for ethnic minorities such as Berbers. In addition, there were efforts to improve media freedom with several independent news outlets emerging during this period and government restrictions on press freedom loosening up significantly. At the same time, however, there were still some challenges facing Algeria in 2015. Corruption remained a major issue with Transparency International placing Algeria at 87th place out of 168 countries on its corruption perception index that year. In addition, organized crime groups were still active across the country which posed a threat to public safety and security as well as economic development. Despite these problems, most Algerians remained hopeful for their future prospects thanks to increased political freedoms and economic growth in recent years.  Check computergees for Algeria in 2006.